Automated resource management system

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a system for managing resources, which can take the form of (a) computer-compatible information, such as data files and programs, and (b) non-computer-compatible information, such as data contained on microfiche, and (c) physical objects. The resources are located at geographically diverse sites.  
     The invention contains a descriptive profile for each resource, and allows any user to search all profiles, and to search the profiles according to “fields” (a database term), such as by location of the resources, or by category of the resources. The user can order delivery of a selected resource, and the system causes delivery of the resource to be executed, irrespective of the form (eg, physical object) of the resource.  
     The invention allows a provider of a new resource to limit access to the resource, by identifying users who are authorized to obtain access to the resource. Non-authorized users cannot obtain access to the profiles of these resources.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This Application is related to:

[0002] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6003)entitled, “Future Boolean Searching of Multiple Repositories ofResources,” filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assignedto the Assignee hereof.

[0003] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6004)entitled, “Security Aspects of Computer Resource Repositories,” filedconcurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assigned to the Assigneehereof.

[0004] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6005)entitled, “Ordering and Downloading Resources from ComputerizedRepositories,” filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., andassigned to the Assignee hereof.

[0005] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6006)entitled, “Launching Computer Program upon Download of Data Created byProgram,” filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assigned tothe Assignee hereof.

[0006] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6007)entitled, “Automatic Updating of Computer Software,” filed concurrentlyherewith by Siefert et al., and assigned to the Assignee hereof.

[0007] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6008)entitled, “Multiple Repositories of Computer Resources, Transparent toUser,” filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assigned tothe Assignee hereof.

[0008] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No. 6048)entitled, “Computer System for Management of Resources,” filedconcurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assigned to the Assigneehereof.

MICROFICHE APPENDIX

[0009] A microfiche appendix, containing 3 microfiche and 207 totalframes is filed herewith.

[0010] The section concerns management of RESOURCEs, which take the form(a) downloadable computer data and programs and (b) physical objects,which are located at multiple REPOSITORIEs, at different sites. TheRESOURCEs appear to a user, at any given site, as though the RESOURCEswere actually present at the user's site.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0011] A database is somewhat analogous to a card catalog of a library.The card catalog cross-indexes books in several ways.

[0012] For example, an “author” card exists. This card is located in thecatalog at the alphabetical position of the author's surname.

[0013] In addition, a “title” card exists, located in the alphabeticalposition of the book's title. Also, a “subject” card generally exists,which describes the subject of the book, and which is located in thealphabetical position of the subject, such as “pressed flowercollecting,” for example. Of course, other cards can exist for a givenbook (for example, books having multiple authors generally have anauthor card for each).

[0014] In database terms, these cards represent “fields” within thedatabase. For example, in a library, to find all of the books written byErnest Hemingway, one looks up “Hemingway” in the card catalog. All ofthe library's books written by any Hemingway are identified byrespective author cards. In a computer database, a similar search couldbe done, upon the “author” field.

[0015] Similar searches can be done on the title fields, as well as onthe subject fields.

[0016] Computer databases, in general, have more fields than does thecard catalog. For example, if the card catalog were contained within acomputer database, there would probably exist a “date” field. To searchusing the “date” field, one specifies a date, or range of dates, and thedatabase responds by listing all books having a copyright which complieswith the specified date, or range.

[0017] Presently existing databases have limitations. For example, manydatabases require that a user undergo significant training in order tolearn how to use the data base. Some databases use arcane commands whichthe user must memorize.

[0018] Some databases contain only that information which is owned bythe database owner. Returning to the library analogy, if a publiclibrary were to computerize its card catalog, by entering all of theinformation contained within the card catalog into the database program,the database program would, of course, only contain the card cataloginformation. A user could not, for example, gain access to the cardcatalog of a second library, in order to locate a book not owned by thefirst library. The user must go to the second library.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0019] An object of the invention is to provide a system for storinginformation in a manner in which retrieval is simple.

[0020] Another object of the invention is to provide a system forstoring information, in which entering information, as well asretrieving the information, is self-explanatory, and requires no resortto external instructions.

[0021] Another object of the invention is to provide a system forstoring information, which can communicate with other systems whichstore information, and make available all of the information stored byall systems.

[0022] Another object of the invention is to provide a system whichallows a user to search all information contained, in multipledatabases, according to key words.

[0023] Another object of the invention is to provide a system whichallows a user to establish a standing search, which searches, by keywords, new information, at specified intervals in the future.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0024] In one form of the invention, multiple databases, at differentlocations, are linked together, so that a user can search all databases,as though they were a single database.

[0025] In another form of the invention, a user can search multipledatabases by category, or field, for example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026]FIG. 1A illustrates the concept of storing RESOURCEs within aSERVER, and the association of a PROFILE with each RESOURCE.

[0027]FIG. 1B illustrates how RESOURCEs can be divided, according to twodifferent criteria. That is, RESOURCEs can be classified as eithercontaining information or not. RESOURCEs can also be classified as beingdownloadable or not.

[0028]FIG. 1C illustrates how a client of a SERVER can gain access toRESOURCEs contained within the client's SERVER, as well as RESOURCEscontained within other SERVERs.

[0029]FIG. 1D illustrates how a SERVER can be viewed as a RESOURCE.

[0030]FIG. 1E illustrates storage of PROFILES within REGIONAL SERVERsand storage of RESOURCEs within LOCAL SERVERs.

[0031] FIGS. 1-4 illustrate screens which the invention causes to bedisplayed on a user's PC, during a log-on process. Most of the iconsshown are specific to the user's computer, and relate to software ownedby the user. Those contained within the box labeled “Continuous LearningSystem” are related to programs used by the invention.

[0032]FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate screens at Level 1, which provide optionsfor the user to select.

[0033]FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate screens displayed, at Level 2, inresponse to selection of the “Locate and View” option of FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0034] FIGS. 9-11 illustrate how a user undertakes a Boolean key-wordsearch.

[0035] FIGS. 12-14 illustrate screens displayed when a user downloads aRESOURCE located during a search.

[0036]FIG. 15 illustrates display of the downloaded RESOURCE, by meansof launching of a program which generated the RESOURCE.

[0037]FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate modification of the search described inFIGS. 9-11.

[0038] FIGS. 18-24 illustrate locating RESOURCEs based on the categoryin which the RESOURCEs are classified.

[0039] FIGS. 25-28 illustrate locating RESOURCEs based on the media uponwhich the RESOURCEs are stored.

[0040] FIGS. 29-32 illustrate locating RESOURCEs based on theREPOSITORIEs in which the RESOURCEs are stored.

[0041]FIG. 33 illustrates retrieval of the RESOURCE identified in FIG.32.

[0042] FIGS. 34-37 illustrate other SYSTEMs to which the inventionallows a user to gain access.

[0043]FIGS. 38 and 39 illustrate returning to Level 1.

[0044] FIGS. 40-54 illustrate creation of a PROFILE associated with aRESOURCE.

[0045] FIGS. 55-59 illustrate establishing of an INTEREST, which is anorder to search new PROFILEs at specified times in the future.

[0046]FIGS. 60 and 61 illustrate the passage of time, during which theINTEREST was searched.

[0047]FIG. 62 illustrates the results of the INTEREST search.

[0048]FIG. 63 illustrate return to Level 1.

[0049]FIG. 64 illustrates a warning given when the user attempts toexit, when downloaded files are present, but not yet stored.

[0050]FIG. 65 illustrates layout of a typical screen displayed by aGraphical User Interface, GUI. The particular icons, which representprograms and information stored on the computer, will, of course, differfrom one computer to another.

[0051] FIGS. 66-76 illustrate how an ADMINISTRATOR can change membershipof teams, and thereby control the TEAMs' access to RESOURCEs.

[0052]FIGS. 77 and 78 illustrate identification, on a PROFILE, of TEAMSwhich may gain access to the RESOURCEs corresponding to the PROFILE.

[0053]FIG. 79 illustrates sample search results given to a TEAM member.The member is allowed access to all 21 RESOURCEs listed.

[0054]FIG. 80 describes following Figures.

[0055] FIGS. 81-83 illustrate a search undertaken by a user who does nothave access to all 21 RESOURCEs shown in FIG. 79. FIG. 83 shows theRESOURCEs to which this person has access, and the list is differentfrom that of FIG. 79.

[0056] FIGS. 84-96 illustrate a flow chart which describes the logicflow of the program contained in the microfiche appendix.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION OVERVIEW A SERVER Holds RESOURCEs

[0057]FIG. 1A illustrates a SERVER, which is a computer, or equivalent,which acts as a REPOSITORY, by holding a collection of RESOURCEs, forthe benefit of microcomputers, labeled PC's. The PC's are the clients ofthe SERVER.

[0058] At present, for ease of explanation, the RESOURCEs can be viewedas computer files. However, as will be seen shortly, the RESOURCEsactually include a vastly larger, and more diverse, collection ofobjects than mere computer files. RESOURCEs include (a) data, (b)information, and (c) knowledge, both as these terms are generallydefined, and also as defined by computer scientists. This data,information, and knowledge can take the form of computer-downloadabledata, or other forms, such as printed matter. Each RESOURCE has anassociated PROFILE, which contains descriptive information about theRESOURCE. FIG. 48 illustrates an exemplary PROFILE. The user of a PCuses the PROFILEs to locates RESOURCEs of interest by searching throughthe PROFILEs.

[0059] For example, each PROFILE contains a descriptive title. If a useris a manufacturer of golf equipment, and is developing a new golf ballhaving improved aerodynamic dimples, the user may search the RESOURCEsby looking for phrases such as

[0060] “golf ball” or

[0061] “aerodynamic” in combination with “golf ball”

[0062] within the PROFILEs. (This searching is standard Boolean keywordsearching.) The invention will locate the PROFILEs, and thus theRESOURCEs, containing titles which match the search criteria.

Location of PROFILEs

[0063]FIG. 1A, as well as FIGS. 1B through 1D, indicate, for ease ofexplanation, that the PROFILEs are stored in the same SERVER as theRESOURCEs. However, the preferred method of storage is shown in FIG. 1E.Two types of SERVER exist, namely, LOCAL SERVERs and REGIONAL SERVERs.The PROFILEs are stored in the REGIONAL SERVERs. The RESOURCEs arestored in the LOCAL SERVERs.

[0064] REGIONAL SERVERs, as the name implies, serve a region, and holdthe PROFILEs for RESOURCEs associated with multiple LOCAL SERVERslocated within the region. Both types of SERVER (LOCAL and REGIONAL)have ADMINISTRATORs, as that term is explained later. (Of course, thesame person can act as ADMINISTRATOR for more than one SERVER, and forboth LOCAL and REGIONAL SERVERs.)

RESOURCEs Not Limited to Computer-Type Data

[0065] The RESOURCEs are not limited to computer-type data, or files.FIG. 1B provides an example. That Figure shows four different types ofRESOURCEs, namely, a computer FILE (or data), a BOOK, a reel of MOVIEFILM, and a PHYSICAL OBJECT. The PHYSICAL OBJECT can take the form ofany physical object, such as a computer disc drive, or a diesel-electricrailroad locomotive. Of course, these four RESOURCEs are exemplary only;numerous different types of RESOURCEs can exist.

[0066] These RESOURCEs can be divided into two pairs of classes, basedon two different criteria, as indicated by the two dashed loops. Oneclass pair is based on the fact that the BOOK, MOVIE FILM, and FILE allcontain information, although stored on different media (paper,celluloid, and magnetic or optical media, respectively). As information,the RESOURCEs can be transmitted over a data link, such as a telephonecommunication channel, provided they are first translated into theproper format, such as digitized data. The PHYSICAL OBJECT, in general,does not contain information.

[0067] The second class pair is based on the fact that the BOOK, MOVIEFILM, and PHYSICAL OBJECT are all tangible material objects, while theFILE (when stored within the mass storage of the SERVER) is not. Asmaterial objects, the objects themselves cannot be transmitted in thesame way as the information which they contain. The objects requirephysical transportation for a user to obtain them.

All RESOURCEs, In Certain Respects, Are Treated Identically

[0068] The invention, in certain respects, treats all RESOURCEsidentically, irrespective of their classification as data or materialobject. For example, every RESOURCE, irrespective of its classification,is associated with a PROFILE. All PROFILEs, without regard toclassification, are stored, processed, and made available to the user ofa client-PC, without regard to classification.

[0069] Several examples are the following:

[0070] The user can obtain a complete list of all PROFILEs, arrangedalphabetically by title. The PROFILEs, in general, will cover RESOURCEsin both classes.

[0071] The user can obtain a complete list of PROFILEs having titleswhich contain only certain combination of words, by calling for a“boolean key-word search.” The search is performed without regard toclassification (unless classification is deliberately made part of thesearch, as by requesting a search be done only of RESOURCEs held in theform of video tape).

[0072] The user can obtain a list of all PROFILEs within a specifiedcategory.

[0073] Categories are discussed below. Each PROFILE, when created, isassigned a category. (If the creator of the PROFILE does not find asuitable, pre-existing category, then the creator can establish a newcategory, which is added to the system.) The categories are differentfrom the “classifications” described above. FIG. 19 illustratesexemplary categories.

Security Aspects

[0074] This discussion has presumed that the user has access to allPROFILEs and all RESOURCEs. However, in general, a user will not havesuch broad access, but only access to those PROFILEs and RESOURCEs forwhich the user has authorization. When a user performs a search, onlythe PROFILEs to which the user has access are displayed.

[0075] As explained later, the access is controlled by the owner of theRESOURCE. When the owner deposits a RESOURCE into a REPOSITORY, theowner can, of desired, restrict access to the RESOURCE, by designatingcertain classes of users who are allowed to see the RESOURCE. (Theaccess restriction is accomplished by placing the restrictions into thePROFILE, as later discussed.)

[0076] Access can also be limited by the ADMINISTRATOR of a system.

Multiple REPOSITORIES All Appear as Single REPOSITORY to User

[0077] The preceding discussion has been framed in terms of a singleSERVER. The invention allows multiple SERVERs (ie, multipleREPOSITORIEs) to be linked together, as shown in FIG. 1C. The linking isdone by commercially available telecommunication channels.

[0078] By the linking, all RESOURCEs, contained in all SERVERs, becomeavailable to all PC's. However, the linked structure shown in FIG. 1C isvirtually invisible to the user of a given PC. To that user, allRESOURCEs, wherever located, appear as though contained within theuser's own SERVER (although the user can ascertain the location of agiven RESOURCE, if desired).

[0079] For example, the user of PC 1 can obtain access to the followingRESOURCEs:

[0080] RESOURCE 3, as indicated by dashed path 5;

[0081] RESOURCE 4, as indicated by dashed path 10; and

[0082] RESOURCE 6, as indicated by dashed path 8.

[0083] The user obtains this access without additional steps orprocedures. That is, the fact that the RESOURCEs are located withindifferent SERVERs (ie, REPOSITORIES), which may be located in differentcities, imposes no requirements of additional procedures. The user seesall RESOURCEs as though they were located in the user's own SERVER.

RESOURCEs Can Include SERVICEs, In Addition to REPOSITORIES

[0084] The last RESOURCE, number 6, is different from the other twoRESOURCEs in the following respect. The REPOSITORY holding RESOURCE 6 isnot a SERVER which runs the software of the invention. Instead, thisREPOSITORY is a commercially available data SERVICE. In 1994, three suchcommercially available SERVICEs are Compuserve, GEnie, and Paradox. (TheInventors are not endorsing these particular three SERVICEs, but onlypointing to them as providing defintions of the term “SERVICE.”)

[0085] The SERVICEs use their own software to maintain their RESOURCEs.Nevertheless, the invention allows a user to obtain access to theRESOURCEs within the SERVICEs. (License fees and other considerationsare matters to be handled between the users themselves and the SERVICEs.The invention does not provide the user rights to obtain entry into, orconnection with, the SERVICEs.)

RESOURCEs Can be Viewed as REPOSITORIES

[0086]FIG. 1C can, conceptually, be viewed as shown in FIG. 1D. OtherSERVERs, and the SERVICEs, are tantamount to RESOURCEs themselves. Thatis, the user of a PC which is a client of SERVER 14 sees no significantdifferences between a RESOURCE located in SERVER 14 and a RESOURCElocated within another SERVER.

Any User Can Place A RESOURCE within any REPOSITORY

[0087] A user can create a RESOURCE, such as a computer document, withinany REPOSITORY. For example, the user of PC 1 in FIG. 1C can placeRESOURCE 15 within SERVER 16. (Provided, of course, that theADMINISTRATOR of SERVER 16 has given this user permission to do so.Also, SERVICEs, as opposed to SERVERs, may impose restrictions upon auser's ability to place RESOURCEs within them.) This user, called aPROVIDER, can restrict access to the RESOURCE. For example, the PROVIDERcan specify that only certain groups (or TEAMs) of other users canobtain access.

[0088] As another type of restriction to access, it is here noted thatADMINISTRATORs can, in effect, restrict access in a similar way, by atleast two different mechanisms. One, the ADMINISTRATORs determine whogains access to the SERVER under control of the ADMINISTRATOR. Two, theADMINISTRATOR can assign users of the SERVER into the TEAMS discussed inthe previous paragraph.

User Can Establish a Standing Search Order

[0089] Any user can request that the PROFILEs of newly added RESOURCEsbe searched for items of interest to the user. For example, the user canrequest that the “aerodynamic dimple” search, mentioned above, beperformed upon every new PROFILE which is added to every REPOSITORY.When a phrase is found, in a PROFILE, which matches the search criteria(“aerodynamic”, “golf ball” etc.), the user is notified.

[0090] The standing search is done periodically, at intervals (such asonce daily) specified by the user at the time the standing search isestablished. Then, at every interval, the invention automaticallyperforms the search. The inventors point out that the standing search isnot done upon each new PROFILE when it is added to the invention, but atthe intervals specified by the user.

Continuity Aspects

[0091] The invention, as just described, has several aspects ofcontinuity.

[0092] The REPOSITORIES are continually being updated.

[0093] The network of connected SERVERs (ie, REPOSITORIES) shown in FIG.1C is expected to continually expand into a larger network, containingever-increasing SERVERs.

[0094] The users can issue standing search orders which continuallysearch the ever-increasing collection of RESOURCEs.

[0095] Because of this continuity, the invention has been given the name“Continuous Learning System”, or CLS. The CLS can be further explainedby analogy to a library.

Analogy: Virtual Library

[0096] The CLS makes available to a user all of the types of materials(books, newspapers, microfilm, video tapes, etc.) which an ordinarylibrary makes available to a user. (In addition, as discussed above, theCLS makes available the PHYSICAL OBJECTs shown in FIG. 1B).

[0097] However, the CLS provides a “virtual” aspect to this library. Theterm “virtual” means that the CLS provides many, if not all, of thefunctions of an actual library, but without requiring the physicalpresence of many of the accessories of a physical library.

[0098] For example, in an actual library, when a patron borrows a book,the book becomes unavailable to other patrons. In contrast, under theCLS, many of the RESOURCEs (which are analogous to the library books)take the form of downloadable data. Multiple copies can be distributedto multiple users, so that possession by one user does not depriveanother user of access to the RESOURCE.

[0099] As another example, an actual library contains a card catalog.There is at least one card for each book within the library'scollection. By analogy, the CLS contains a PROFILE for each RESOURCE.The PROFILEs give important information about each RESOURCE, such as adescriptive title, the location of the RESOURCE, etc.

[0100] As yet another example, an actual library contains another typeof listing of its books, namely, a “shelf list.” The shelf listenumerates all of the books, but in order of ascending library callnumber, instead of alphabetically. The shelf list tells the physicallocation of the books, since the books, on their shelves, are arrangedin numerical order, according to call number.

[0101] Of course, a more macroscopic “shelf list” is the map, found inevery library, which explains the locations of different groups of callnumbers.

[0102] As still another analogy, an actual library categorizes the booksaccording to subjects, in at least two different ways. One, the cardcatalog contains cards, in alphabetical order, for various subjects.Two, the Dewey Decimal System places books on similar topics atphysically neighboring places.

[0103] Therefore, viewing library books as RESOURCEs, the inventionpossesses some of the characteristics of a library. In addition, theinvention adds a virtual aspect to the library, as discussed above.

[0104] Further, the invention allows a user to order a RESOURCE held bya REPOSITORY, and the RESOURCE will be delivered. If the RESOURCE is ofthe down-loadable type, it will be down-loaded to the user. Otherwise, amessage is sent to the custodian of the RESOURCE, requesting physicaldelivery.

[0105] This discussion will now explain, step-by-step, how a useroperates the invention.

Exemplary Sequence of Operation

[0106] The invention is designed to run in conjunction with a GraphicalUser Interface (GUI) such as Windows, available from MicrosoftCorporation, Redmond, Wash., or the OS/2 operating system, availablefrom IBM Corporation, located in Armonk, N.Y.

[0107]FIG. 1 illustrates a typical display which the GUI generates afterthe computer's power-up sequence has been executed. To launch theinvention into operation, a user actuates the icon labeled “CLS,” in theusual manner. (“CLS” is an acronym for the phrase “Continuous LearningSystem,” as stated above.)

[0108] The invention responds by displaying the screen shown in FIG. 2.This screen prompts the user to enter the user's LOGIN, which is theuser's account number for computer usage. The screen also prompts theuser to enter the user's PASSWORD. Exemplary LOGINs and PASSWORDs areshown in FIG. 3. (The PASSWORD is represented by cross-hatchings,because the PASSWORD is to be kept confidential. The cross-hatchingsprevent a nearby observer from stealing the user's PASSWORD.)

[0109] The LOGIN and PASSWORD are assigned to the user by theadministrator of the CLS, as explained later.

[0110] After entry of the PASSWORD, the invention displays the screenshown in FIG. 4, which informs the user that the process of logging onhas commenced. When the log-on is successful, the screen shown in FIG. 5appears, which can be taken as illustrating Level 1.

[0111] This screen provides the user with four options, as indicated bythe four buttons labeled 1 through 4. These four options actuallyencompass a much larger range of available options, but the screen ofFIG. 5 presents four options for convenience of the user. In brief,these four options allow the user to perform the following actions:

1. LOCATE AND VIEW

[0112] The CLS system, as a whole, can be viewed as a repository ofRESOURCEs. In a general sense, the CLS can be viewed as a virtuallibrary. That is, all of the types of materials which are found in alibrary are made available by the CLS. However, much of the material isstored, and made available to the user, in downloadable computer format.These materials are termed RESOURCEs, and the “library” is termed aREPOSITORY.

[0113] RESOURCEs include items which are customarily stored withincomputer databases, such as computer programs and data. In addition,RESOURCEs include items which are not stored in computer-downloadableformat Examples of these latter RESOURCEs are newspapers, video tapes,35 millimeter films, books, microfilm, maps, and all other media whichare used to carry information. Further, the concept of a RESOURCEextends to non-informational subject matter, such as physical objects.

[0114] Every RESOURCE carries with it a PROFILE. Each PROFILE containsimportant information about the RESOURCE, such as a description of theRESOURCE, where it is located, etc. The LOCATE AND VIEW option allows auser to view the PROFILEs.

2. PROVIDE OR DISTRIBUTE

[0115] This option allows a user to add RESOURCEs to the CLS.

3. IDENTIFY INTERESTS

[0116] The CLS allows a user to search the collection of repositoriesfor RESOURCEs in which the user is interested. Some distinctions between“LOCATE AND VIEW” and “IDENTIFY INTERESTS” are significant.

[0117] The “LOCATE AND VIEW” option allows a user to order a search,according to specific criteria, as discussed above. The search is doneonce, at the time it is made.

[0118] The “IDENTIFY INTERESTS” option allows the user to establish asearch which will be done at periodic intervals in the future. Theintervals are specified by the user. CLS automatically performs thesearches, at the specified intervals, and informs the user of theresults.

4. PERSONAL INFORMATION

[0119] This option allows a user to view and modify informationassociated with the user's PROFILE.

[0120] This discussion will give several examples of use of theseoptions.

Example 1 LOCATE AND VIEW

[0121] Assume that the user actuates the LOCATE AND VIEW button, number1, as in FIG. 6. The CLS responds by displaying the screen shown in FIG.7. This screen offers the user eight options:

[0122] 1. ALL RESOURCES. This option displays the titles of allRESOURCEs which are available to the user.

[0123] 2. GENERAL SEARCH. This option allows a user to search thePROFILEs of all RESOURCEs in pursuit of a particular phrase. The GENERALSEARCH allows Boolean Key-Word searching of the PROFILEs.

[0124] 3. CATEGORY. This option allows a user to search the PROFILEs byCATEGORY. For example, assume that the user is a women's fashiondesigner. The CLS can contain a collection of drawings and photographsof interest to the fashion industry. The PROFILES can be divided intoCATEGORIES such as “Hats,” “Shoes,” “Evening Wear,” Winter Wear,” etc.

[0125] 4. MEDIA. This option allows a user to obtain access to PROFILEs,based on the media type. For example, one media type is video tape.Another is paper. FIG. 26 gives further examples of types of media.Media types include down-loadable computer files and data, video tapes,photographic film, books, audio tape, CD-ROM, and so on. Media typerefers, generally, to the physical characteristics of the medium whichcarries the data.

[0126] 5. REPOSITORIES. This option allows a user to view the RESOURCEsaccording to the REPOSITORY which holds them. For example, assume thatthe Library of Congress is one REPOSITORY, and the New York City PublicLibrary is another. The user can elect to view all PROFILEs of RESOURCEsof either library, by selecting the REPOSITORY.

[0127] 6. SYSTEMS. This option is similar to REPOSITORIEs. This optionallows a user to obtain access to commercially available SERVICEs, asthat term is defined above. These SERVICEs are also called “On-LineDatabases.” By selecting this option, a user can gain access to one ofthese services, through the CLS.

[0128] 7. SAVE SEARCH AS INTEREST. This option allows a user toestablish a standing search, wherein PROFILEs are searched as they arecreated. For example, if the aerodynamic golf ball maker, describedabove, chooses this option for the search, then every new PROFILE whichis added to the system is searched for the terms “aerodynamic” etc. Theuser is notified when a PROFILE matching the search criteria is found.

Example Continued

[0129] Assume that the user selects button 2 in FIG. 7, GENERAL SEARCH,as indicated by the highlighted button in FIG. 8. The CLS responds bydisplaying the screen shown in FIG. 9. This display prompts the user torequest a search based on three criteria (or less).

[0130] For example, assume that the user is interested in RESOURCEshaving the word “UNIX” in the titles of their PROFILEs. The user entersthe word “UNIX” as indicated in FIG. 10. The CLS performs a search ofall REPOSITORIEs, and locates all PROFILEs having the word “UNIX” intheir titles. FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary result of the search.

[0131] The search provides three pieces of information about eachRESOURCE identified by the search. One, the media type, as indicated inthe column headed “Media.” The phrase “On Line” indicates that theRESOURCE is “On-Line,” or in a computer-down-loadable format (as opposedto being on paper or 35 mm film). If a RESOURCE takes a non-downloadableform, such as a 35 mm film, then the “Media” column so indicates.

[0132] The “Date/Time” column indicates the date and time when thePROFILE corresponding to a RESOURCE was created.

[0133] The “Title” refers to the title carried by the PROFILEcorresponding to each RESOURCE.

[0134] Significantly, the screen does not indicate the location of eachRESOURCE. To the user, all RESOURCEs appear as though residing at acommon location, even though they may be scattered over a vastgeographic area. Of course, if the user wished to identify the locationsof these RESOURCEs, the user could do so, using other options describedherein.

User Retrieves Resource

[0135] Assume that the user wishes to obtain item number 7 in FIG. 11.The user highlights this item, using a mouse (or keyboard, or otheractuation device, such as a voice sensor), causing the display to appearas in FIG. 12. Then, the user actuates the button labeled “RETRIEVE,”causing the display to take the appearance shown in FIG. 13. The iconbearing the sub-title “CLS Download,” located at the bottom of theFigure, indicates that a down-loading operation is taking place.

[0136] After the downloading is complete, the screen shown in FIG. 14 isgenerated. This screen indicates three important facts. One fact isindicated by the background of the screen, and the heading at the top ofthe screen. The background and the heading indicate that a computerprogram was launched.

[0137] CLS examined the RESOURCE which was downloaded, and looked forindicia which identified a computer program which was used to create theRESOURCE. In this example, the RESOURCE was a file which was generatedby a word-processing program, namely, Microsoft Word (TM).

[0138] Having identified the word processing program, the CLS searchedfor the program, and launched it when CLS found it. The heading in thedisplay shown in FIG. 14 indicates that this program has been launched.

[0139] The second fact is that CLS caused the word processing program toload the RESOURCE which was downloaded, namely, that which was locatedduring the search for the UNIX title.

[0140] The third fact is that the screen shown in FIG. 14 informs theuser that the RESOURCE which has been downloaded does not existelsewhere in the user's computer, and, to be saved, must be saved by aspecific action taken by the user. (Of course, the RESOURCE maintainsits existence in the REPOSITORY from which it was retrieved). The promptin FIG. 14 reminds the user to save the RESOURCE when the user exits theword processing program; otherwise the RESOURCE will be lost.

[0141]FIG. 15 illustrates the display generated by the CLS after theuser responds to the prompt of FIG. 14. The RESOURCE is displayed by thesame type of word processing program which generated the RESOURCE.

[0142] As another searching example, assume that the user orders thesearch shown in FIG. 16. The user orders that the CLS retrieve allPROFILES having both the word “unix” and the word “library” in theirtitles. The result of the search is shown in FIG. 17. The result is asingle title which, coincidentally, is the same as that selected fordownloading as indicated in FIG. 12.

LEVEL 2: LOCATE AND VIEW BY CATEGORY

[0143] Assume that the user is at level 2 within CLS. That is, the userselected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1.

[0144] In Level 2, the user wishes to Locate and View by CATEGORY asindicated by the button actuated in FIG. 18. The CLS responds bypresenting a list of the CATEGORIEs of RESOURCEs which are available, asshown in FIG. 19.

[0145] This list, in general, includes RESOURCEs from multipleREPOSITORIEs. That is, the list is global in scope, because theREPOSITORIEs are, physically, located at multiple locations throughoutthe world.

[0146] However, the global aspect of the list is transparent to theuser: to the user, the list is simply a list of locally availableRESOURCEs. The location of the RESOURCEs is not emphasized to the user,partly because the location does not affect access: downloadableRESOURCEs are available immediately, while non-DOWNLOADABLE RESOURCEsare available as fast as modern transport can deliver them, typicallywithin one day.

[0147] If the user selects a CATEGORY, as indicated by the highlightedCATEGORY “CLS-TEAM NOTES,” then the CLS responds by displaying a list ofthe RESOURCEs contained within the CATEGORY, as shown in FIGS. 20 and21.

[0148] This list is conceptually similar to the list of RESOURCEs shownin FIG. 12. In that Figure, the RESOURCEs listed shared a commonfeature, namely; they all contained phrases in their PROFILE titleswhich match a search string issued in FIG. 10. Similarly, in FIG. 20,all RESOURCEs listed share the common feature of residing the samecategory.

[0149] Restated: the RESOURCEs are grouped according to fixedcategories, such as those shown in FIG. 19. The RESOURCEs can also begrouped into categories by a search call.

[0150] Assume that the user wishes to obtain the RESOURCE which ishighlighted in FIG. 21. The user actuates the proper button on thescreen, using a mouse, and the CLS retrieves the RESOURCE. In this case,the RESOURCE takes the form of downloadable data, so that the CLS isable to obtain the RESOURCE, by telephone, or other data channel, fromthe RESOURCE's REPOSITORY.

[0151] The CLS examines the RESOURCE, in order to ascertain whether acomputer program is required to display the resource in its intendedmanner. In the present example, the CLS found that such a program isrequired, but also found, in attempting to launch that program, that theprogram was unavailable, or otherwise unsuitable for displaying theRESOURCE. Thus, the CLS displays the screen shown in FIG. 22.

[0152] This screen informs the user that the program is unavailable, andreminds the user that, to save the downloaded RESOURCE, the user musttake active steps. Otherwise, the RESOURCE will be lost, and, to beobtained again, must be retrieved from the REPOSITORY.

[0153] The CLS presents the user with the screen shown in FIGS. 23 and24, and allows the user to save the RESOURCEs, which in this exampletake the form of computer files, in the usual manner.

[0154] Two examples will illustrate some important points regarding themeaning of “display in the intended manner.”

Example 1

[0155] Generally, word processing programs display their documents informats which are somewhat unique to each program, and also store theirdocuments in different data formats on floppy diskettes.

[0156] For instance, consider text which should be underlined, whenprinted on paper. One word processing program may display this text, ona computer display, as actually underlined. Another word processingprogram may instead display this text in a different color from thesurrounding, non-underlined text.

[0157] Further, the two word processing programs will probably store thedocument on floppy diskettes as different sequences of bytes. That is,the sequences stored on diskettes contain two (or more) types of data.The first type includes the bytes for the actual text of the document.ASCII codes are commonly used, although other codes exist, such asEBCDIC.

[0158] The second type includes formatting codes, which indicate specialcharacteristics of given sections of text, such as the underliningdiscussed above. Different word processing programs, in general, usedifferent codes to signal different characteristics of the text.

[0159] Thus, a given formatting code may have different meanings indifferent documents created by different word processors. The given codemay cause a given piece of text to appear with underlining whendisplayed on one word processor, yet cause the same text to appear as adifferent color in another processor.

[0160] Further, when some processors display documents generated inanother processor, they simply strip out all such codes, and display thedocument in a predetermined, default format.

[0161] The CLS identifies the program which generated the RESOURCE (suchas a word processing document) which is retrieved, and attempts tolaunch the program which generated the RESOURCE, so that the RESOURCEwill appear in the same manner as when it was created.

[0162] This identification is done not only for word processingdocuments, but for all RESOURCEs which are retrieved, such as graphicsRESOURCEs, spreadsheet RESOURCEs, and so on.

Example 2

[0163] Multi-media systems display information to a user in severalformats, simultaneously. The information can be visual, as on a computerdisplay. The visual information can be static, as a graphic, or sheet oftext. The visual information can be dynamic, as in a changing sequenceof images, as in video or animation.

[0164] The information can also be audible, and played from a speaker.

[0165] Conceivably, the information can be tactile. For example, MorseCode can be represented as a sequence of long and short beeps. A propertransducer can make these beeps detectable to the sense of touch, byvibrating a pad which is touched by the fingers. Visually impairedpersons may utilize such a transducer.

[0166] Another type of tactile information results from the conversionof visual text into Braille text. The conversion is done by anelectromechanical device, known in the art, containing a matrix ofparallel pins. The device raises the proper pins to display each letterof the visual text in the proper Braille format.

[0167] There are numerous other formats of information display. Theidentification process under discussion examines a RESOURCE which isdownloaded, and ascertains whether additional files, information, ordata are required to generate a presentation for the user in the formatintended by the RESOURCE.

[0168] The invention locates the necessary files and information, andlaunches the proper computer programs necessary for communication withthe user, in the manner intended by the RESOURCE.

Alternate Procedures

[0169] It is possible to establish a procedure for running a suitablealternative program, for displaying a RESOURCE, when a given program isnot available. For example, if a RESOURCE requires a particular wordprocessing program, and if that program is unavailable when the RESOURCEis downloaded, then the CLS can be programmed to run another program,such as an earlier version of the given program, or another programentirely.

[0170] A variation of launching the program can be taken with RESOURCEswhich take the form of compressed data files. For example, the suffix“.zip” is commonly attached to files which are in compressed format, andrequire de-compression for use. When the CLS examines the file, it willsee the suffix, and launch the proper de-compression program to unpackthe file. Then, after unpacking, the CLS again examines the file toascertain the to program which will display the file in its intendedmanner.

LEVEL 2: LOCATE AND VIEW, MEDIA

[0171] Assume that the user is at level 2 within the CLS. That is, theuser selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1, and advancedto Level 2.

[0172] In Level 2, the user wishes to Locate and View RESOURCEs by MEDIAtype, as indicated by the button actuated in FIG. 25. The CLS respondsby presenting a list of the different types of MEDIA on which RESOURCEsare stored, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0173] Assume that a user wishes to view a list of all RESOURCEs takingthe form of video MEDIA (eg, videotape cassettes on VHS or Beta format,and one-inch or two-inch reel tape). The user highlights the “Video”entry, as in FIG. 27, and the CLS responds with a list of all RESOURCEsstored in video format, as indicated in FIG. 28.

[0174] As the screen indicates, the user can select a RESOURCE, and thenview the PROFILE associated with that RESOURCE. In addition, the usercan retrieve the RESOURCE.

[0175] If the RESOURCE takes the form of down-loadable data, then theRESOURCE is downloaded in the usual manner. However, in the case ofvideo MEDIA, the REPOSITORY holding the RESOURCE may not possessequipment capable of downloading the video by a data link to the user.(That is, the MEDIA may take the form of a videocassette tape. Datastored on such tape can be analog data, rather than digital data. Analogdata is not directly downloadable.)

[0176] In this case, the CLS informs the user of the inability todownload, and inquires whether the user wishes to request that theRESOURCE be physically delivered to the user. If so, the CLS notifiesthe REPOSITORY holding the RESOURCE of the user's request. Thisnotification takes the form of a message sent to the ADMINISTRATOR ofthe REPOSITORY in question, using the CLS. Alternately, the notificationcan take the form of the CLS sending a message by a commerciallyavailable electronic mail service. Sometimes, for added reliability,both types of so notification can be undertaken.

[0177] It is possible to add the following feature to the CLS. When auser places an order for retrieval of a physical object, such as thevideo tape in the present example, the CLS, in addition to notifying theREPOSITORY of the request, also notifies a transportation agent.

[0178] For example, if both the user and the REPOSITORY are affiliatedwith the same business organization, the CLS can notify theorganization's mail service that the REPOSITORY will soon have a parcelready for delivery. The mail service takes the appropriate steps to pickup the parcel.

[0179] In addition, the CLS can be arranged such that the PROFILEs ofRESOURCEs which are non-downloadable contain relevant shipmentinformation, such as a notation that the RESOURCE is especiallydelicate, large, or heavy. When a user requests physical delivery of aRESOURCE, the CLS examines the PROFILE, learns whether relevant shipmentinformation exists, and forewarns the transportation agent of theinformation.

[0180] For example, when the CLS informs the mail service that a parcel(the video tape) will be awaiting retrieval at the REPOSITORY, the CLSalso informs the mail service of the size of the parcel (very small) sothat the mail service knows whether special preparations are requiredfor the pick-up.

[0181] As an alternative to notifying an internal mail service, the CLSmay notify a public, common carrier, of the impending shipment, andrequest that carrier to pick up the parcel. This notification can beaccomplished by using commercially available electronic mail services.

[0182] As another alternate, as FIG. 96 indicates, the user may choosethat a facsimile message (or FAX) be sent, requesting order of theRESOURCE. One implementation of this FAXing capability requires that theLOCAL SERVER, or the user's PC, be equipped with a facsimile modem,which are known in the art. The content of the FAX is a predetermined“form” letter, to which CLS adds the identify of the RESOURCE, plusother ordering information required by the custodian of the RESOURCE.

Classification of RESOURCEs

[0183] RESOURCEs can be classified as “physical,” as physical objects,such as flex diskettes, videotape, etc., or “soft,” as incomputer-downloadable RESOURCEs, such as software.

[0184] When a user orders a “physical” RESOURCE, a message, as discussedabove, is sent to the custodian of the RESOURCE, requesting delivery.When a user orders a “soft” RESOURCE, the RESOURCE is downloaded to theuser directly.

Features of Display of FIG. 26

[0185]FIG. 26 displays a list of RESOURCEs, containing both “soft” and“physical” RESOURCEs. The “On Line” entry contains soft RESOURCEs, whilemost of the remainder are physical RESOURCEs.

[0186] When the user orders one of the physical RESOURCEs, theinformation which CLS transmits to the custodian of the RESOURCE is in aformat which facilitates automatic order-filling by the custodian, ifthe custodian is so equipped.

[0187] For example, a common electronic mail message will contain theordering user's name and address. This information is in an electronicformat which is easy to assimilate into custodian's inventorymanagement, or product ordering. That is, the information is containedwithin a data file which the custodian can retrieve into the systemwhich handles the custodian's order entry system. The custodian canmanually transfer the ordering information (such purchaser's name andaddress) to the files used in filling orders. Alternately, the custodiancan be equipped with a computer program which searches the electronicmail message for ordering information, and automatically loads theinformation into the custodian's order-filling software system. Anexample will illustrate.

[0188] Assume that the electronic mail message contains the followingtext:

[0189] Item ordered: Stock number ABC 123

[0190] Purchaser: John Blank

[0191] Address: 4343 Oak Terrace, Dayton, Ohio 45479

[0192] How to Bill: (Credit Card or Internal or Send Bill)

[0193] Credit Card Number: 1111 2222 3333 4444

[0194] The custodian's program searches the text for the phrase “Itemordered.” When the program finds this text, it then searches thesubsequent text for the stock number to be ordered, and copies the stocknumber to the order-filling file.

[0195] The program copies the rest of the information to theorder-filling file in a similar manner. (The “How to Bill” phrase isfollowed by three possibilities. The ordering person selects one ofthese, as by entering a numeral “1”, “2”, or “3”. The custodian'sprogram detects the selection, and sets into motion the proper billingaction.

[0196] Different custodians, in general, will require different items ofinformation. Once the items are known, and the message format isestablished by the ADMINISTRATOR, the message which CLS sends to thecustodians will contain all information which is necessary forcompletion of a normal business transaction, resulting in transfer ofthe ordered RESOURCE. And, as described above, the message canautomatically trigger initiation of the ordering process.

LOCATE AND VIEW, BY REPOSITORIEs

[0197] Assume that the user is at level 2 within the CLS. That is, theuser selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1.

[0198] In Level 2, the user now wishes to Locate and View by REPOSITORY,as indicated by the button actuated in FIG. 29. In response, the CLSdisplays all REPOSITORIEs holding RESOURCEs, as indicated in FIG. 30.Assume that the user selects the REPOSITORY “Marketing Core ServerTeam,” as indicated by the highlighted entry in the Figure.

[0199] In response, the CLS displays the RESOURCEs held by the selectedREPOSITORY, as indicated in FIGS. 31 and 32. Assume that the userselects the RESOURCE entitled “Windows NT ‘The Right Choice’”, asindicated by the highlighted entry in FIG. 32.

[0200] In response, the CLS retrieves the RESOURCE and examines (asexplained above) the RESOURCE to ascertain which, if any, program isrequired to display the RESOURCE. This particular RESOURCE requires theprogram entitled “Powerpoint,” available from Microsoft Corporation, asindicated by the suffix “.PPT” contained in the name of the RESOURCE.

[0201] The CLS launches the Powerpoint program, and loads the RESOURCEinto the program, thereby displaying the RESOURCE in its intendedformat, as indicated in FIG. 33.

LOCATE AND VIEW, BY SYSTEMs

[0202] Assume that the user is at level 2 within the CLS. That is, theuser selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1.

[0203] In Level 2, the user now wishes to Locate and View by SYSTEMs, asindicated by the button actuated in FIG. 34. In response, the CLSprovides a list of systems which are available to the user, as shown inFIG. 35.

[0204] The term “system” refers to organizations which maintaincollections of information, such as stock market reports, newspapers,magazines, and so on, which are downloadable to a user. Three exemplarySYSTEMs were identified above.

[0205] When the user selects a SYSTEM, as indicated in FIG. 36, the CLSconnects the user with that SYSTEM. The user obtains access to thesystem, and obtains the same use of the system as if the user hadconnected to the system outside the CLS. When the connection is madewith a SYSTEM, the CLS displays an appropriate screen, such as thatshown in FIG. 37.

Adding a RESOURCE to a REPOSITORY

[0206] The user can return to Level 1 by actuating the button shown inFIG. 38, which causes the screen shown in FIG. 39 to be displayed. TheCLS has returned the user to Level 1.

[0207] Assume that the user selects option #2, “Provide and Distribute.”In response to this option, the CLS displays the screen shown in FIG.40, which allows the user to select the “Provide” option, as indicated.If the user selects the “Provide” option, the CLS responds with thescreen shown in FIG. 41.

[0208] This screen represents the PROFILE of the RESOURCE which the useris about to provide to a REPOSITORY. The user fills out the PROFILE inthe usual manner, as by the sequence illustrated by FIGS. 41-49. Severalpoints are significant.

[0209] The user, who is now a PROVIDER, declares an “Access Level,” byselecting a box at the upper right part of FIG. 41. If the user selects“Public,” then any person gaining access to the CLS can obtain access tothe RESOURCE now being added.

[0210] If the user selects “Organization” or “Team,” then only thosemembers of the user's respective organization or team can gain access.If the user belongs to many teams or organizations, the CLS asks theuser to specify those to whom access should be granted.

[0211] The “Resource Title” is, of course, the title which appears onthe PROFILE. When another user, at a later time, performs searches usingthe CLS, this title will appear in the list of titles returned to thelater user.

[0212] The “Resource Category” refers to the “Category” described inconnection with FIGS. 18-21. The RESOURCE now being created will becomelocated within the CATEGORY specified on the PROFILE in FIG. 41.Whenever a later user searches this CATEGORY, the title of the newlycreated RESOURCE will be found. (Of course, if the new RESOURCE hasaccess limited to a particular “Team,” and if the later user is not amember of this “Team,” then the later user will not see the title whenany searches are performed. This aspect is described near the end of theSpecification.)

[0213] If the PROVIDER finds the CATEGORIEs which CLS provides to beunsuitable (these have been created previously by other users of thesystem), then the PROVIDER can create a new CATEGORY. The PROVIDER doesthis by choosing the option “OTHER,” which is presented when thePROVIDER actuates the box labeled “INFORMATION CATEGORY” in FIGS. 41-49.The new CATEGORY is then added to the list of CATEGORIEs, and is shownto all users who subsequently elect to view the CATEGORIEs.

[0214] “Repository” in FIG. 41 refers to the REPOSITORY which willreceive and then maintain the RESOURCE.

[0215] “Media” refers to the media type, such as those shown in FIG. 27.

[0216] “Bitmap” refers to a graphical image, or picture, which thePROVIDER can associate with the PROFILE. FIGS. 46 and 47 illustrate howthe PROVIDER identifies the file which contains this image, at the timeof creation of the PROFILE. Once the file has been identified, CLSstores it with the PROFILE. At subsequent times, when other users callup the PROFILE, they can actuate the “Bitmap” option, and CLS willdisplay the graphical image.

[0217] For example, if the PROFILE's RESOURCE is a physical object, suchas a fuel pump for an automobile, the graphical image may take the formof a picture of the pump.

Searching for Resource Just Created

[0218] FIGS. 41-49 described creating a PROFILE for a new RESOURCE. Itwas entitled “Test Resource for Training,” as indicated in FIG. 49. FIG.50 illustrates a search request, undertaken under the LOCATE AND VIEWoption, done in pursuit of this newly created RESOURCE.

[0219]FIG. 51 illustrates the results of the search. The new RESOURCE ishighlighted by the user, and the RESOURCE PROFILE option is selected. Ifthe user actuates the button labeled “Resource Profile,” located at theupper right part of the Figure, CLS displays the PROFILE of thishighlighted RESOURCE as shown in FIG. 52.

[0220] (If the user selects the “E-Mail” option, by actuating the properbutton at the bottom of the Figure, but if the E-Mail option isunavailable, then CLS responds with the message shown in FIG. 53.) Thismessage indicates that the file could not be mailed electronically, butspecifies the location of the RESOURCE, and inquires whether the userwishes to view the RESOURCE. If the user selects YES, then CLS displaysthe RESOURCE, as shown in FIG. 54.

ESTABLISHING A STANDING SEARCH LEVEL 1—IDENTIFY INTERESTS

[0221] In brief, this option allows a user to establish a standingsearch, analogous to a search described in FIGS. 9-12, above. However,this standing search examines new RESOURCEs shortly after they are addedto their REPOSITORIEs, instead of searching the REPOSITORIEsimmediately. How often the standing search is executed is controlled bythe user.

[0222] Thus, if a user is interested in new developments in, say,pediatric medicine, the user would establish a standing search in theappropriate category for the subject of interest. The user accomplishesthis as follows.

[0223] At Level 1, as indicated in FIG. 55, a user can select option #3,“Identify Interests.” The CLS responds by displaying the screen shown inFIG. 56. Assume that the user selects option #2, “Add/Delete Interests.”

[0224] The CLS displays the screen shown in FIG. 57, which invites theuser to enter a phrase which describes the interest. The user can entera phrase or, as indicated in FIG. 58, opt to view the user's presentlyestablished INTERESTs (if any exist). FIG. 59 illustrates the presentINTERESTs, namely, “CLS.” This INTEREST was saved after a previoussearch was performed.

[0225] Irrespective of the particular manner in which the user createsan INTEREST (either by (a) direct entry of a phrase in FIG. 58, (b) byrecalling a previous interest, or (c) by modification of the previousinterest) the CLS acts upon the interest in the following way.

[0226] The CLS, automatically, searches each new PROFILE, at the timesspecified by the user when the INTEREST was created, according to thesearch criteria established by the INTEREST.

[0227] During a search, if the search criteria are fulfilled, the CLSnotifies the user. The CLS accomplishes the notification by placing asmall icon on the screen of the user's computer. This icon does notdisrupt any current activity of the user. One such icon is that locatedin the lower left comer of FIG. 5, indicating “9 notifications,” meaningthat nine PROFILEs were found which match the standing search, orINTEREST.

[0228] The user can view the search results, as shown in FIG. 62, byactuating the button at the lower left, associated with the phrase “10notifications.” The search results are then displayed, as shown in FIG.62.

[0229]FIG. 60 illustrates a screen from which a user may exit. Uponexiting, the GUI will display a screen of the type shown in FIG. 61. Theicon containing the number “10” and labeled “NCR Continuous Learning”indicates the results of a standing search, or INTEREST. To view thesearch results from this level, the user actuates this icon, whichcauses the display shown in FIG. 62 to be generated. The display liststhe PROFILEs found which match the search criteria.

REMINDER TO SAVE UPON EXITING

[0230] When a user wishes to exit the CLS, the user actuates the exitbutton, as shown in FIG. 63. If the CLS contains local files, which havebeen downloaded, but not yet saved, the CLS reminds the user of thisfact at this time, by means of the screen shown in FIG. 64. The usertakes appropriate action. (Of course, the originals of the downloadeditems are still located at their respective RESOURCEs, and are not lostif the user does not heed the warning screen shown in FIG. 64.)

[0231] Upon exiting the CLS, the Graphical User Interface displays ascreen resembling that in FIG. 65.

MODIFICATION OF TEAM MEMBERSHIP

[0232]FIG. 66 explains the fact that the CLS Administrators manage themembership of teams, and provides a scenario wherein subsequent Figuresillustrate modification of team membership. These screens are availableonly to the Administrator of the SERVER running CLS, and not to theusers.

[0233] In FIG. 67, the Administrator actuates the MEMBERSHIP button. TheCLS responds with a list of members, as shown in FIG. 68, together withthe team affiliation of each. The team affiliation follows the symbol“@”.

[0234] In FIG. 69, the Administrator clicks the ADD button, because theAdministrator wishes to add a member to a team. The CLS responds bydisplaying the screen shown in FIG. 70. The Administrator provides theinformation requested, and actuates the proper buttons on the screen.

[0235] The CLS adds the person identified in the screen shown in FIG. 70to the proper team. The membership of the new team can be viewed asshown in FIG. 71.

[0236] The screen of FIG. 71 can also be used as a launching point tomodify membership of the TEAMs under the control of the Administrator.(The Administrator of each SERVER handles the TEAM membership of thatSERVER.) The Administrator actuates the button TEAMs, causing the CLS todisplay the screen shown in FIG. 72. For simplicity, a single team isillustrated, namely “CLS ADMIN USERS.”

[0237] The Administrator actuates the MODIFY button, causing the CLS todisplay the screen shown in FIG. 73. The upper frame lists the currentmembers of the TEAM selected in FIG. 72. The lower frame provides aroster of possible members. This roster includes all users which theSERVER, under control of the ADMINISTRATOR, serves.

[0238] The ADMINISTRATOR selects users in the lower frame to be added tothe TEAM, as indicated by the highlighting in FIG. 74, and then actuatesthe ADD button, as shown in FIG. 75. The CLS adds the selected users tothe TEAM, as indicated in FIG. 76.

CREATING A RESOURCE WHICH IS LIMITED TO SPECIFIC TEAMS

[0239]FIG. 77 illustrates a PROFILE of an exemplary RESOURCE which isbeing created by the ADMINISTRATOR, and which is entitled “CONFIDENTIALREPORT ON CLS SECURITY REQUIREMENTS.” The PROFILE is generated as shownin FIG. 78, and, as indicated, access to it has been restricted by theentry adjacent the symbol “CLS ADMIN USERS.”

[0240] To illustrate the restricted access to the RESOURCE (after itscreation) the ADMINISTRATOR first performs a SEARCH (using steps notshown, but explained above, in connection with FIGS. 10-12) which wouldordinarily locate the newly created RESOURCE. The results of the searchare shown in FIG. 79. The “CONFIDENTIAL REPORT . . . ”, which is theRESOURCE just created, appears at the bottom of the list.

[0241] Then, as explained in FIG. 80, the Administrator simulates asearch run by a user who is not a member of any team which has beengranted access to this “CONFIDENTIAL REPORT . . . ” As indicated byFIGS. 80 and 81, the non-TEAM member performs a search which would,ordinarily, locate the “CONFIDENTIAL REPORT . . . ” However, FIG. 83shows the search results, which omit the “CONFIDENTIAL REPORT . . .”from the list of RESOURCES available to this user.

[0242] This sequence illustrates the fact that the creator of a RESOURCEcontrols the access to the RESOURCE, by identifying the TEAMS which cangain access to the RESOURCE.

Flow Chart of Programs

[0243] FIGS. 84-96 illustrate a flow chart of the logic followed by theprogram contained in the microfiche appendix. This program was writtento run on computers using the 80×86 family of microprocessors, availablefrom Intel Corporation. The microfiche appendix, together with the flowchart, will allow a user to write code which can run on otherprocessors.

[0244] In the flow chart, the word “illustration” refers to the patentFigures. For example, in flow chart FIG. 84, the fourth paragraph in thelarge box states: “See illustration 6 . . . ” “Illustration 6” refers toFIG. 6.

Brief Description of Files

[0245] The files identified in the flow chart are summarized as follows.

[0246] 1. MAINCAT1.OBS—Purpose: main screen. Generates fouricon-buttons, namely,

[0247] (1) Locate & View (refers to MAINCAT2),

[0248] (2) Identify Interests (refers to MAINCAT3),

[0249] (3) Personal Information (refers to MAINCAT), and

[0250] (4) Provide or Distribute (refers to MAINCAT5). SubscriptionAlert, Checks & Button

[0251] 2. MAINCAT2.OBS—Locate & View screen Generates eighticon-buttons, namely,

[0252] (1) Resource Catalog (A to Z) (refers to MAINCAT1),

[0253] (2) Search (refers to SRCHNEW),

[0254] (3) Resource Catalog—Categories (refers to MAINCAT1),

[0255] (4) Media, Search by (refers to MAINCAT1),

[0256] (5) Repositories, Search by (refers to MAINCAT1),

[0257] (6) Systems (refers to MAINCAT1),

[0258] (7) Save as Interest (refers to PROFILE), and

[0259] (8) Return to Main Menu.

[0260] 3. MAINCAT3.OBS—Identify interests screen. Generates twoicon-buttons, namely,

[0261] (1) View Interests (refers to PROFILE), and

[0262] (2) Interests Administration (refers to PROFILE).

[0263] 4. MAINCAT4.OBS—Personal information screen. Generates twoicon-buttons, namely,

[0264] (1) View Personal Profile (refers to USER2), and

[0265] (2) Change Password (refers to PWDCHG).

[0266] 5. MAINCAT.OBS—Provide or Distribute System. Generates twoicon-buttons, namely,

[0267] (1) Provide (refers to CATADMIN), and

[0268] (2) Membership (Administration Only) (refers to MEMBERS N/A).

[0269] 6. CAT1.OBS—Interactive screen to Locate & View by “A to Z,”Category, Media, Repository, and also for viewing alternate Systemsreachable from CLS (refers to RESULTS.OBS).

[0270] 7. SRCHNEW.OBS—General search screen; user-interactive screen forsearch of the CLS database by logical combinations of title,description, and date (refers to RESULTS.OBS).

[0271] 8. RESULTS.OBS—Results screen (includes number of entries foundin search, list of entries, “more info” button, OK, and Cancel buttons).Key function cataloginfo( ): gets profile information and, if needed,retrieves the corresponding file and opens it locally in appropriateapplication; may call CATDBF1 to display profile.

[0272] 9. PROFILE.OBS, PROFILE1.OBS—Screen to add or delete interests.

[0273] 10. CATADMIN.OBS—Screen to administer accessible resourceprofiles (especially New, Modify, Delete). (Refers also to NCRCAT.INC(especially Getinfo( ) function, called by Modify( ). Also refers toDIALOG.OBS.)

[0274] Important subroutines: Commito( ) (OK), Modify( ), and

[0275] FID206( ) (Delete).

[0276] 11. MEMBERS.OBS—Screen lists all members of teams, and allowsAdministrator to add, modify, and delete members. (Refers toUSERADM.OBS.)

[0277] 12. CATDBF1.OBS—Shows profile data and also information oncontact and functions to request more information directly from contact.Can also retrieve corresponding “On-Line” file and open it locally inappropriate application, in manner similar to RESULTS.OBS. (Refers toQTY.OBV.)

[0278] 13. USERADMIN.OBS—Screen to add, modify, or delete members fromthe CLS. (Refers to NEWORG.OBS.)

[0279] 14. CLNSIGN1.OBS—Purpose: initial sign-on for the CLS. See FIG.3. Verify( ) performs the single logon to the SERVER. (Server$ appearsonly here.)

[0280] 15. PWDCHG.OBS—Screen to allow users to change their ownpasswords.

[0281] 16. USER2.OBS—Screen to allow user to view his or her personalinformation profile (eg, name, e-mail address, user environment). Theinformation is maintained and edited only by the Administrator.

[0282] 17. NEWORG.OBS—Screen for use by CLS Administrator to define“organization” (as used in CATADMIN for “IPD Only”/“Organization”checkbox.)

[0283] 18. DIALOG.OBS—For adding “Bitmap”/“Preview” from SUB FID257 inCATADMIN.OBS.

[0284] 19. ABOUT.OBS—Screen gives CLS version and system information,and access to CREDITS.OBV.

[0285] 20. ADVISOR.OBS—Activated from MAINCAT1.OBS, lines 593 and 616.This module executes the display of the list of supplemental operatinginstructions, described in point number 7, below.

[0286] 21. ALERT.OBS—Activated from MAINCAT1.OBS, line 590. This moduleallows an ADMINISTRATOR to privately communicate with a selected user,as described in point number 8, below.

[0287] 22. CLNSAVE.OBS—Screen for saving files from CLS.

[0288] 23. CLSINTRO.OBS—Relates to a screen displayed before CLS runs.

[0289] 24. CREDITS.OBS—Credits for CLS product.

Additional Considerations

[0290] 1. Each REPOSITORY takes the form of mass memory which isassociated with a computer, which is called a SERVER. (Alternately, theREPOSITORY can include both the SERVER and the mass memory.)

[0291] The REPOSITORIEs hold the PROFILEs of the RESOURCEs. SomeRESOURCEs are downloadable, and are stored in the mass memory. OtherRESOURCEs are not downloadable, and will be stored at a locationdesignated on their respective PROFILEs.

[0292] The invention links all REPOSITORIEs together, in a manner whichis transparent to the user. For example, as discussed above, a user canrequest a listing of the titles of all RESOURCEs, no matter whichREPOSITORIEs hold the RESOURCES.

[0293] The listing appears, to the user, as though all RESOURCEs arelocated in a single REPOSITORY, although, in general, such is not thecase: multiple REPOSITORIEs are involved.

[0294] Of course, if the user calls for a particular PROFILE whose titleappears in the listing, the PROFILE identifies the REPOSITORY. If theuser examines several PROFILEs, it will become clear that multipleREPOSITORIEs are involved.

[0295] From another point of view, every user can obtain access to thePROFILEs contained in all REPOSITORIEs (subject to the access/securityrestrictions discussed above.) These PROFILEs can be searched presently(or as they are created, by establishing an INTEREST), without regard tothe fact that multiple REPOSITORIEs hold the PROFILEs.

[0296] In addition, every user can obtain any RESOURCE, identified in aPROFILE, no matter which REPOSITORY holds it (subject, again, to thesecurity restrictions.)

[0297] Thus, despite the fact that the RESOURCEs and their PROFILEs aredistributed over multiple REPOSITORIEs, which themselves can bedistributed world-wide geographically, the user deals with them asthough they were located in a single place.

[0298] As stated earlier, the soft RESOURCEs are located at localSERVERs. The PROFILEs are located in REGIONAL SERVERs.

[0299] 2. When a RESOURCE is downloaded to a SERVER, the inventionexamines the RESOURCE in an attempt to identify whether a computerprogram should be launched, or other actions taken, in order to properlydisplay the RESOURCE. One type of examination involves looking at thefile name of the RESOURCE. For example the file name “Letter.doc” isinterpreted as having been created by a word processor which customarilyadds the suffix “doc” to its files.

[0300] When the invention finds this suffix “doc”, the inventionconsults a look-up table, finds the program which uses the suffix “doc”,and then attempts to locate the program, launch it, and load theRESOURCE into it.

[0301] Another type of examination involves examining data contained ina header of the RESOURCE. These examinations can collectively bedescribed as looking for indicia which identify the program whichgenerated the RESOURCE.

[0302] 3. One significant feature of the invention is that all possibleoptions available to a user are displayed on the screens generated bythe invention. Selecting an option is self-explanatory: a pointingdevice is used (for example).

[0303] Providing information which the option requires is alsoself-explanatory: the user fills in blanks, such as those shown in FIG.45 (which relate to PROFILEs), using a keyboard.

[0304] This feature eliminates a need for the user to remember arcanecomputer commands, and reduces time required to learn how to use theinvention.

[0305] 4. As discussed above, the PROFILEs are stored in REGIONALSERVERs, while the downloadable RESOURCEs are stored in LOCAL SERVERs. Aphysical RESOURCE, described by a PROFILE stored in a REGIONAL SERVER,can be stored at any convenient location.

[0306] Multiple REGIONAL SERVERs, all storing identical collections ofPROFILEs, in order to enhance performance. That is, multiple REGIONALSERVERs can provide faster response to numerous users than can a singleREGIONAL SERVER.

[0307] 5. FIG. 95 indicates that the files MEMBERSHIP.OBV andMEMBERSHIP.OBS are not included in the microfiche appendix. The reasonis that these files contain the actual membership lists. These lists arecreated by the user of CLS.

[0308] 6. FIG. 2 contains the phrase, in faint grey lettering, “CLSOverview.” This represents an option for the user to view a six-screentutorial which explains how to use the CLS system. The tutorialautomatically is shown when a user logs on for the first time. The usercan de-activate the tutorial, which causes the option to be displayed ingrayed text, as in FIG. 2.

[0309] 7. It has been found that users pose questions to theADMINISTRATOR regarding operation of the system. These questions aredelivered to the ADMINISTRATOR in any convenient manner, such as bytelephone, letter, electronic mail, etc.

[0310] The invention allows the ADMINISTRATOR to provide to the users alist of these questions, together with answers to the questions (or anyselected group of questions-and-answers). The users obtain access tothese questions by the button in FIG. 5 labeled “CLS Advisor.”

[0311] In practice, the ADMINISTRATOR will continually update the listof questions, thus providing a continually updated list of instructionsfor operating the system.

[0312] 8. CLS makes provision for the ADMINISTRATORs to send privatemessages to single users. When the message arrives, an icon appears onthe user's screen, informing the user of the message.

[0313] Definitions. The terms used herein have established meanings inthe art. Some additional definitions are the following.

[0314] The term “Personal Computer,” or PC, has been used. It is to beunderstood that this term is not limited to the specific set ofmicrocomputers having an architecture designed around the 8××86microprocessor manufactured by Intel Corporation. Rather, the termrefers to microcomputers generically, and includes, for example, desktopcomputers, laptop computers, workstations, and terminals. The termincludes machines designed according to different architectures andusing different processors.

[0315] SERVERs are computers, and frequently take the form of large,mainframes. However, as computer technology evolves, the power ofmainframes is becoming available in much smaller devices.

[0316] A significant feature of the invention is that the inventionallows a given PC to act as either a SERVER or as a CLIENT of a SERVER.

[0317] RESOURCEs have been described above. RESOURCEs are located inREPOSITORIEs. If a RESOURCE takes the form of downloadable data, thensuch a RESOURCE will most likely be stored in mass storage (eg, discdrives or tape systems) of a SERVER.

[0318] However, it is not required that this mass storage be directly“on-line.” That is, for example, a given RESOURCE may be stored onmagnetic media, such as magnetic tape or floppy diskettes, which arekept on storage racks. While the media are located on the racks, theycannot be read by a computer, and are not considered “on-line.” Toobtain access to the data, the tapes or discs must be loaded ontoappropriate drives.

[0319] If a RESOURCE takes the form of a physical object, then theRESOURCE is stored in the same manner as others of its type, as in awarehouse.

[0320] PROFILEs are collections of information which describe RESOURCES.

[0321] Numerous substitutions and modifications can be undertakenwithout departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Whatis desired to be secured by Letters Patent is the invention as definedin the following claims.

1. A RESOURCE management system, comprising: a) Multiple SERVERs, eachserving one or more PCs; and b) means for allowing i) all PCs to storePROFILEs of RESOURCEs into a SERVER; and ii) all PCs to search allPROFILEs.
 2. A system according to claim 1, and further comprising: c)means for allowing any PC to load a downloadable RESOURCE into itsrespective SERVER.
 3. A system according to claim 2, and furthercomprising: d) means for allowing all PCs to download any RESOURCEcontained in any SERVER.
 4. A system according to claim 1, and furthercomprising c) means for storing a PROFILE which contains informationabout a user of a SERVER; and d) means for restricting the user's accessto RESOURCEs, based on data contained in the user's PROFILE.
 5. ARESOURCE management system, comprising: a) multiple LOCAL SERVERs, eachserving one or more PCs; and b) means for allowing i) all PCs to storePROFILEs of RESOURCEs into one or more REGIONAL SERVERs; and ii) all PCsto search all PROFILEs.
 6. A RESOURCE management system, comprising: a)multiple SERVERs, i) each serving one or more PCs; and ii) each storinga catalog of PROFILEs, which describe RESOURCEs; and b) search means forallowing any PC to search any PROFILE contained in any SERVER.
 7. Asystem according to claim 6 in which the search means allows Booleankey-word searching.
 8. A system according to claim 6 in which the searchmeans allows a user of a PC to order a search of PROFILEs to be done ata future time.
 9. A method of managing RESOURCEs, comprising thefollowing steps: a) maintaining the RESOURCEs at multiple sites; b)maintaining PROFILEs for the RESOURCEs, each PROFILE containinginformation relating to its RESOURCE; and c) allowing a user to search,from a single site, all PROFILEs.
 10. A method according to claim 9, inwhich d) some RESOURCEs take the form of downloadable computer data; ande) some RESOURCEs take the form of information which is notdownloadable.
 11. A method according to claim 10, in which f) someRESOURCEs take the form of physical objects.
 12. A method according toclaim 9, in which some of the RESOURCEs take the form of downloadabledata, and further comprising d) means for allowing a user to downloadselected downloadable RESOURCEs to the user'site.
 13. A method accordingto claim 9, in which all PROFILEs are stored at a single site.
 14. Amethod according to claim 9, in which multiple collections of PROFILEsare each stored at a different site, and each collection containssubstantially all PROFILEs.